Feedback | Help | View MyArticles
jres nameplate
  • Volume/Page
  • Keyword
  • DOI
  • Citation
  • Advanced
   
 
 
 

Facebook Podcast Flickr Twitter UniPHY Group iResearch App

Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy / Volume 1 / Issue 4 / REGULAR ARTICLES

FULL-TEXT OPTIONS:

J. Renewable Sustainable Energy 1, 043108 (2009); doi:10.1063/1.3156008 (16 pages)

Assessment of historic trend in mobility and energy use in India transportation sector using bottom-up approach

Nan Zhou and Michael A. McNeil

Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, MS 90R4000, Berkeley, California 94720-8136, USA

View MapView Map

(Received 5 December 2008; accepted 29 May 2009; published online 22 July 2009)

Transportation mobility in India has increased significantly in the past decades. From 1970 to 2000, motorized mobility (passenger-kilometer) has risen by 888%, compared to an 88% population growth ( S. K. Singh, India: Implications For Energy Demand and CO2 Emission (Transport Policy, 2006) ). This has contributed to many energy and environmental issues, and an energy strategy that incorporates efficiency improvement and other measures needs to be designed. Unfortunately, existing energy data do not provide information on driving forces behind energy use and sometimes show large inconsistencies. Many previous studies address only a single transportation mode such as passenger road travel, did not include comprehensive data collection or lack analysis or detail on energy demand by each mode and fuel mix. The current study will fill a considerable gap in current efforts, develop a database on all transport modes including passenger air and water and freight in order to facilitate the development of energy scenarios, and assess the significance of technology potential in a global climate change model. An extensive literature review and data collection has been done to establish the database with a breakdown of mobility, intensity, distance, and fuel mix of all transportation modes. Energy consumption was estimated and compared to aggregated transport consumption reported in IEA India transportation energy data. Different scenarios were estimated based on different assumptions of freight road mobility. Based on the bottom-up analysis, we estimated that the energy consumption from 1990 to 2000 increased at an annual growth rate of 7% for the midrange road freight growth case and 12% for the high range road freight growth case corresponding to the scenarios in mobility, while the IEA data only show a 1.7% growth rate in those years.

© 2009 American Institute of Physics

Article Outline

  1. INTRODUCTION
  2. METHODOLOGY
    1. Bottom-up approach
    2. Existing research
  3. INDIA TRANSPORTATION ENERGY USE FROM THE BOTTOM-UP ANALYSIS
    1. Passenger Transport
      1. Vehicle stocks and car ownership
      2. Traveled distance and average load factor
      3. Intensity by mode
      4. Fuel share
      5. Passenger-kilometer by mode trend
    2. Freight
      1. Ton-kilometer by mode
      2. Intensity by mode
      3. Truck stocks and distance traveled
      4. Truck average load per vehicle
  4. TRANSPORTATION ENERGY USE AND DISCUSSION
    1. Discussion on diesel use in the transport sector
    2. Comparison with IEA data
    3. Estimated transportation energy use by mode
    4. Transportation energy use by fuel
  5. CONCLUSIONS

RELATED DATABASES

Web of Science

View this record in Web of Science

View Web of Science related articles

KEYWORDS and PACS

Keywords

energy conservation, energy consumption, transportation

PACS

ARTICLE DATA

Permalink
http://link.aip.org/link/doi/10.1063/1.3156008

PUBLICATION DATA

ISSN:

1941-7012 (print)  
1941-7012 (online)

Publisher:

$abstract.society.value is a Member of CrossRef American Institute of Physics

  1. The World Bank (WB), 2004.
  2. International Energy Agency (IEA), Energy Balances of Non-OECD Countries, 1971–2002, IEA/OECD, Paris, 2004.
  3. The World Bank (WB), 2008 World Development Indicators Online, Washington, DC, 2008, The World Bank, available at http://go.worldbank.org/U0FSM7AQ40.
  4. S. K. Singh, India: Implications For Energy Demand and CO2 Emission, Transport Policy, 2006.
  5. R. K. Bose, Energy Policy 26, 1001 (1998).
  6. B. S. Reddy, Energy for Sustainable Development 4, 65 (2000).
  7. A. Das and J. Parikh, Energy Conservation and Management 45, 2603 (2004).
  8. Ministry of Statistics (MOS), India, Statistical Abstract India 2003, Controller Pub., New Delhi, 2004, pp. 245–249.
  9. J. Lin, N. Zhou, M. Levine, and D. Fridley, “Achieving China's target for energy intensity reduction in 2010—An exploration of recent trends and possible scenarios,” Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Report No. LBNL-61800, 2006.
  10. The World Bank (WB), 2002, India's Transport Sector: The Challenges Ahead, Vol. 1: Main Report.
  11. Planning Commission, Tenth Five-Year Plan (2002–2007), India National Development Council, India, 2002.
  12. N. Rangaraj and G. Raghuram, Viability of Inland Water Transport (IWT) in India, Indian Institute of Management, 2006.
  13. D. G. Fridley, N. T. Aden, J. E. Sinton, N. Zhou, M. Ranganathan, J. I. Lewis, and J. Lin, “China's energy future to 2020,” Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Report No. LBNL-58664, 2006.
  14. See http://www.shipping.gov.in/writereaddata/linkimages/NMDP9895746561.doc.
  15. Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI), 2005, The Service Report (http://www.ficci.com/surveys/service-report.pdf).
  16. See http://www.tcil.com/rt.asp.
  17. Phasing Out Overloading. How Truck Manufacturers Can Go on an Overdrive (http://www.way2wealth.com/research/content_details.php?section=Insights&section_desc=viewsonnews&sid=41&pubid=28575).
  18. S. Lee, S. Meyers, R. Howarth, and R. Steiner, Energy Efficiency and Human Activity, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK (1992).
  19. Ministry of Railway (MOR), India, Indian Railways, Annual Report and Accounts (various issues), Railway Board.
  20. Tata Energy Research Institute, TERI Energy Data Directory and Yearbook 2000/2001 New Delhi, 2001.
  21. Available at http://web.worldbank.org/servlets/ECR?contentMDK=20747263&sitePK=579306.
  22. International Energy Agency (IEA), 30 Years of Energy Use in IEA Countries IEA/OECD, Paris, 2004.
  23. Available at http://mospi.nic.in:80/mospi_energy_stat.htm.
  24. B. P. Pundir, 2001, Potential of Advanced Technology Vehicles in Asia (cleanairnet.org/caiasia/1412/articles-37421_nd_30_pundir.pdf).
  25. Available at www.iea.org/Textbase/work/2004/shanghai/Rawat.PDF.
  26. National Council Of Applied Economic Research (NCAER), Comprehensive Study of Assess the Genuine Demand and Requirement of SKO, NCAER, New Delhi, 2005, pp. 54 and 121.
  27. Tata Energy Research Institute, CO2 Mitigation and The Indian Transport Sector, 1996.
  28. According to Centre for Science and Environment's website (http://www.cseindia.org/campaign/apc/letter.htm).

Figures (14) Tables (4)

Figures (click on thumbnails to view enlargements)

FIG.1
Car ownership and GDP per capita.

FIG.1 Download High Resolution Image (.zip file) | Export Figure to PowerPoint

FIG.2
Change in vehicle stock.

FIG.2 Download High Resolution Image (.zip file) | Export Figure to PowerPoint

FIG.3
Estimated passenger transportation mobility by mode.

FIG.3 Download High Resolution Image (.zip file) | Export Figure to PowerPoint

FIG.4
Road passenger transportation mobility by vehicle type.

FIG.4 Download High Resolution Image (.zip file) | Export Figure to PowerPoint

FIG.5
Passenger rail mobility by energy type.

FIG.5 Download High Resolution Image (.zip file) | Export Figure to PowerPoint

FIG.6
Passenger water mobility.

FIG.6 Download High Resolution Image (.zip file) | Export Figure to PowerPoint

FIG.7
Passenger air mobility.

FIG.7 Download High Resolution Image (.zip file) | Export Figure to PowerPoint

FIG.8
Available data for freight ton-kilometer by different sources.

FIG.8 Download High Resolution Image (.zip file) | Export Figure to PowerPoint

FIG.9
Freight transportation mobility by mode.

FIG.9 Download High Resolution Image (.zip file) | Export Figure to PowerPoint

FIG.10
Change in truck stock and utilization.

FIG.10 Download High Resolution Image (.zip file) | Export Figure to PowerPoint

FIG.11
Top-down estimates of Indian transport diesel consumption based on statistics.

FIG.11 Download High Resolution Image (.zip file) | Export Figure to PowerPoint

FIG.12
Comparison of the estimated and IEA transport energy use in India.

FIG.12 Download High Resolution Image (.zip file) | Export Figure to PowerPoint

FIG.13
India transportation energy consumption by mode in 1991–2000.

FIG.13 Download High Resolution Image (.zip file) | Export Figure to PowerPoint

FIG.14
India transportation energy consumption by fuel in 1991–2000.

FIG.14 Download High Resolution Image (.zip file) | Export Figure to PowerPoint

Tables

Table I. Vehicle utilization in road passenger (see Ref. 4).

View Table
Table II. Derived energy intensities in passenger transport (MJ/Pkm).

View Table
Table III. The growth rate of the P-km in transportation road sector.

View Table
Table IV. Energy intensities in freight transport (MJ/ton km).

View Table


Close

Google Calendar

ADVERTISEMENT

Your Recent History Recent History Help

Recently Viewed

  1. Assessment of historic trend in mobility and energy use in India transportation sector using bottom-up approach
  2. Reduction of NOx in the exhaust gas of DI- diesel engine fueled with mahua methyl ester along with exhaust gas recirculation
  3. Editorial: A new editorial board for the journal
  4. Optimum sizing of air heating collectors
  5. Investigation into polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell characteristics using four-layer electrode catalyst
JRSE
Copyright ©   American Institute of Physics
Rights and Permissions  |   Disclaimer   |   Subscriptions and Pricing
close