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Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy / Volume 1 / Issue 5 / REGULAR ARTICLES

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J. Renewable Sustainable Energy 1, 053103 (2009); doi:10.1063/1.3253693 (12 pages)

Comparison of the recently proposed super-Marx generator approach to thermonuclear ignition with the deuterium-tritium laser fusion-fission hybrid concept by the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

F. Winterberg

University of Nevada, Nevada 89557-0220, USA

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(Received 1 June 2009; accepted 2 October 2009; published online 29 October 2009)

The recently proposed super-Marx generator pure deuterium microdetonation ignition concept is compared to the Lawrence Livermore National Ignition Facility (NIF) Laser deuterium-tritium fusion-fission hybrid concept (LIFE). In a super-Marx generator, a large number of ordinary Marx generators charge up a much larger second stage ultrahigh voltage Marx generator from which for the ignition of a pure deuterium microexplosion an intense GeV ion beam can be extracted. Typical examples of the LIFE concept are a fusion gain of 30 and a fission gain of 10, making up a total gain of 300, with about ten times more energy released into fission as compared to fusion. This means the substantial release of fission products, as in fissionless pure fission reactors. In the super-Marx approach for the ignition of pure deuterium microdetonation, a gain of the same magnitude can, in theory, be reached. If feasible, the super-Marx generator deuterium ignition approach would make lasers obsolete as a means for the ignition of thermonuclear microexplosions.

© 2009 American Institute of Physics

Article Outline

  1. INTRODUCTION
  2. SOLUTION IN BETWEEN TWO EXTREMES
  3. FROM THE MARX TO THE SUPER-MARX
  4. CONNECTING THE SUPER-MARX TO THE LOAD
  5. THERMONUCLEAR IGNITION AND BURN
  6. CONVERSION OF THE EXPLOSIVELY RELEASED ENERGY
  7. OTHER POSSIBILITIES
  8. DISCUSSION

RELATED DATABASES

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KEYWORDS and PACS

Keywords

explosions, fission products, fusion reactor ignition, hybrid reactors, pulsed power supplies

PACS

  • 28.52.Cx

    Fueling, heating and ignition

  • 84.70.+p

    High-current and high-voltage technology: power systems; power transmission lines and cables

ARTICLE DATA

Permalink
http://link.aip.org/link/doi/10.1063/1.3253693

PUBLICATION DATA

ISSN:

1941-7012 (print)  
1941-7012 (online)

Publisher:

$abstract.society.value is a Member of CrossRef American Institute of Physics

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Figures (click on thumbnails to view enlargements)

FIG.1
Ignition of a deuterium target by a GeV, 10 MA proton beam

FIG.1 Download High Resolution Image (.zip file) | Export Figure to PowerPoint

FIG.2
In an “ordinary” Marx generator, n capacitors C charged up to the voltage v and are over spark gaps switched into series, adding up their voltages to the voltage V = nv.

FIG.2 Download High Resolution Image (.zip file) | Export Figure to PowerPoint

FIG.3
In a super-Marx generator, N Marx generators charge up N fast capacitors FC to the voltage V, which switched into series add up their voltages to the voltage NV.

FIG.3 Download High Resolution Image (.zip file) | Export Figure to PowerPoint

FIG.4
Artistic perception of a 1.5 km long super-Marx generator, composed of 100×15 m long high voltage capacitors each designed as a magnetically insulated coaxial transmission line. The coaxial capacitor/transmission lines are placed inside a large vacuum vessel. Each capacitor/transmission line is charged by two conventional Marx generators up symmetrically to 10 MV (±5 MV). After charge up is completed, the Marx generators are electrically decoupled from the capacitor/transmission lines. The individual capacitor/transmission line is subsequently connected in series via spark gap switches (i.e., the “super-Marx” generator), producing a potential of 1 GV.

FIG.4 Download High Resolution Image (.zip file) | Export Figure to PowerPoint

FIG.5
A detailed view of a section of the super-Marx generator. Two conventional Marx banks charge up one coaxial capacitor/transmission line element to 10 MV.

FIG.5 Download High Resolution Image (.zip file) | Export Figure to PowerPoint

FIG.6
Injection of GeV, 10 MA proton beam, drawn from super-Marx generator made up of magnetically insulated coaxial capacitors into chamber with cylindrical deuterium target.

FIG.6 Download High Resolution Image (.zip file) | Export Figure to PowerPoint

FIG.7
Shows a few elements of the super-Marx generator.

FIG.7 Download High Resolution Image (.zip file) | Export Figure to PowerPoint

FIG.8
Connection of the last capacitor of the super-Marx to the Blumlein transmission line.

FIG.8 Download High Resolution Image (.zip file) | Export Figure to PowerPoint

FIG.9
(a) The superconducting toroidal capacitor and (b) its discharge onto the target.

FIG.9 Download High Resolution Image (.zip file) | Export Figure to PowerPoint

FIG.10
Possible deuterium microdetonation target: I is ion beam, D is the deuterium cylinder, B is magnetic field, and h is the cylindrical hohlraum.

FIG.10 Download High Resolution Image (.zip file) | Export Figure to PowerPoint

FIG.11
Sequence of events to bombard the target by the proton beam from the Blumlein transmission line.

FIG.11 Download High Resolution Image (.zip file) | Export Figure to PowerPoint

FIG.12
Bombarding a cylindrical, deuterium containing target, with an intense heavy ion beam.

FIG.12 Download High Resolution Image (.zip file) | Export Figure to PowerPoint



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