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Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy / Volume 2 / Issue 1 / REGULAR ARTICLES

J. Renewable Sustainable Energy 2, 013106 (2010); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3289735 (25 pages)

Experimental study of the horizontally averaged flow structure in a model wind-turbine array boundary layer

Raúl Bayoán Cal1, José Lebrón2, Luciano Castillo2, Hyung Suk Kang3, and Charles Meneveau3,4

1Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97207, USA
2Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA
3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
4CEAFM, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA

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(Received 1 September 2009; accepted 11 December 2009; published online 27 January 2010)

When wind turbines are deployed in large arrays, their ability to extract kinetic energy from the flow decreases due to complex interactions among them, the terrain topography and the atmospheric boundary layer. In order to improve the understanding of the vertical transport of momentum and kinetic energy across a boundary layer flow with wind turbines, a wind-tunnel experiment is performed. The boundary layer flow includes a 3×3 array of model wind turbines. Particle-image-velocity measurements in a volume surrounding a target wind turbine are used to compute mean velocity and turbulence properties averaged on horizontal planes. Results are compared with simple momentum theory and with expressions for effective roughness length scales used to parametrize wind-turbine arrays in large-scale computer models. The impact of vertical transport of kinetic energy due to turbulence and mean flow correlations is quantified. It is found that the fluxes of kinetic energy associated with the Reynolds shear stresses are of the same order of magnitude as the power extracted by the wind turbines, highlighting the importance of vertical transport in the boundary layer.

© 2010 American Institute of Physics

Article Outline

  1. INTRODUCTION
  2. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
    1. Inflow characterization
    2. PIV
    3. Experiments
  3. RESULTS
    1. Data processing
    2. Spatial distributions of velocity and Reynolds stresses
    3. Induction factor
  4. HORIZONTALLY AVERAGED PROFILES
    1. Data processing
    2. Results
  5. DISCUSSION
    1. Effective roughness scale
    2. Vertical flux of kinetic energy and turbine power extraction
  6. CONCLUSIONS

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KEYWORDS and PACS

Keywords

atmospheric boundary layer, boundary layer turbulence, momentum, wind turbines

PACS

ARTICLE DATA

Digital Object Identifier
http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3289735

PUBLICATION DATA

ISSN

1941-7012 (print)  
1941-7012 (online)

Publisher

$abstract.society.value is a Member of CrossRef American Institute of Physics

For access to fully linked references, you need to log in.
    M. Calaf, C. Meneveau, and J. Meyers, Phys. Fluids 22, 015110 (2010)PHFLE6000022000001015110000001.


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