Inverter topologies and control structure in photovoltaic applications: A review

Nema, Savita; Nema, R. K.; Agnihotri, Gayatri

doi:doi:10.1063/1.3505096

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Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy / Volume 3 / Issue 1 / REVIEW ARTICLES

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J. Renewable Sustainable Energy 3, 012701 (2011); http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3505096 (23 pages)

Inverter topologies and control structure in photovoltaic applications: A review

Savita Nema, R. K. Nema, and Gayatri Agnihotri

Department of Electrical Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal 91426051, India

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(Received 19 March 2010; accepted 25 September 2010; published online 13 January 2011)

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Abstract

References (60)

Article Objects (22)

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The inverter is an integral component of the power conditioning unit of a photovoltaic power system and employs various dc/ac converter topologies and control structure. It has to meet various international standards before it can be put in commercial use. The function of inverter in distributed power generation system on top of photovoltaic generation includes dc-ac conversion, output power quality assurance, various protection mechanisms, and system controls. The requirements in terms of low cost, high efficiency, high reliability, and tolerance over wide range of input voltage variations have driven the inverter development toward simpler topologies, lower component counts, and tighter modular design. Historically, the inverters employed in PV technology may be classified based on number of power processing stages, type of power decoupling, types of interconnection between the stages, and types of grid interface. Based on power processing stage, the inverter may be classified as single stage and multiple stage inverters. This paper presents a comprehensive review of various inverter topologies and control structure employed in PV applications with associated merits and demerits. The paper also gives the recent trends in the development of PV applications.

Article Outline

EVOLUTION OF PHOTOVOLTAIC INVERTERS
SINGLE STAGE INVERTER
1. Buck inverter
2. Boost inverter
3. Buck-boost inverter
MULTIPLE STAGE INVERTER
1. dc-dc-ac topologies
2. dc-ac-dc-ac topologies
3. dc-ac-ac topologies
CONTROL STRUCTURE
1. Single stage inverter
2. Multiple stage inverter
  1. Input side controller
    1. Voltage feedback control.
    2. Power feedback control.
  2. Grid side controller
    1. Control requirement.
    2. Comments from authors.
TRENDS OF RECENT DEVELOPMENT AND GUIDING STANDARDS
1. Factors influencing the development of modern PV inverters
2. Guiding standards
CONCLUSION

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KEYWORDS and PACS

Keywords

DC-AC power convertors, distributed power generation, invertors, photovoltaic power systems, power generation control, power generation protection, power generation reliability, power supply quality

PACS

84.60.Jt

Photoelectric conversion
88.80.-q

Energy delivery and storage
88.40.M-

Residential and commercial buildings
84.70.+p

High-current and high-voltage technology: power systems; power transmission lines and cables
88.05.-b

Energy analysis

ARTICLE DATA

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3505096

PUBLICATION DATA

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1941-7012 (online)

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$abstract.society.value is a Member of CrossRef

American Institute of Physics

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